18. 4Sum
Tags
- Array
- Hash Table
- Two Pointer
Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c, and d in S such that a + b + c + d = target? Find all unique quadruplets in the array which gives the sum of target.
Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate quadruplets.
For example, given array S = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], and target = 0.
A solution set is:
[
[-1, 0, 0, 1],
[-2, -1, 1, 2],
[-2, 0, 0, 2]
]
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题意:
给定一个含有n个整数的数组S,是否存在元素a, b, c, 和 d 在数组S中可以满足 a + b + c + d = target ?在给定目标值的和以后找到在数组S中所有不重复的元素组合。
分析:
本题跟题15,16相似,我们只需比较四个数相加的和与目标数字相等。然后返回所有的组合数组。所以,思路一样的是遍历每个数,对剩余数组进行双指针扫描。区别仅在于之前循环一层,本题循环两层。
思路:
- 将数组升序排序
- 如果数组中数字个数小于4返回空数组
- 从0开始,两位外层双层循环,内层两层双指针左右扫描,如果四个数字相加等于目标值则放入临时数组返回,如果小于,则左移;大于,则右移。
Js实现:
复杂度
时间复杂度O(n3)
方法 #1
var fourSum = function(nums, target) {
let res = [];
nums.sort(function(a, b) {
return a - b;
});
if (nums === null || nums.length < 4) return res;
for (let i = 0; i < nums.length - 3; i++) {
if (i !== 0 && nums[i] === nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
for (let j = i + 1; j < nums.length - 2; j++) {
if (j !== i + 1 && nums[j] === nums[j - 1]) {
continue;
}
let left = j + 1;
let right = nums.length - 1;
while (left < right) {
let sum = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else if (sum > target) {
right--;
} else {
let tmp = [];
tmp.push(nums[i]);
tmp.push(nums[j]);
tmp.push(nums[left]);
tmp.push(nums[right]);
res.push(tmp);
left++;
right--;
while (left < right && nums[left] === nums[left - 1]) {
left++;
}
while (left < right && nums[right] === nums[right + 1]) {
right--;
}
}
}
}
}
return res;};
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方法 #2
4 to 3 to 2
var fourSum = function(nums, target) {
let result = [];
const len = nums.length;
if (nums === null || len < 4) return result;
nums.sort(function(a, b) { return a - b; });
let max = nums[len - 1];
if (4 * nums[0] > target || 4 * max < target) return result;
let i, z;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
z = nums[i];
if (i > 0 && z == nums[i - 1]) // avoid duplicate
continue;
if (z + 3 * max < target) // z is too small
continue;
if (4 * z > target) // z is too large
break;
if (4 * z == target) { // z is the boundary
if (i + 3 < len && nums[i + 3] == z) {
let inres = [];
inres.push(z);
inres.push(z);
inres.push(z);
inres.push(z);
result.push(inres);
break;
}
}
threeSumForFourSum(nums, target - z, i + 1, len - 1, result, z); }
return result;
};
function threeSumForFourSum(nums, target, low, high, fourSumList, z1) {
if (low + 1 >= high) return;
let max = nums[high];
if (3 * nums[low] > target || 3 * max < target) return;
let i, z;
for (i = low; i < high - 1; i++) {
z = nums[i];
if (i > low && z == nums[i - 1]) // avoid duplicate
continue;
if (z + 2 * max < target) // z is too small
continue;
if (3 * z > target) // z is too large
break;
if (3 * z == target) { // z is the boundary
if (i + 1 < high && nums[i + 2] == z) {
let infourSumList = [];
infourSumList.push(z1);
infourSumList.push(z);
infourSumList.push(z);
infourSumList.push(z);
fourSumList.push(infourSumList);
break;
}
}
twoSumForFourSum(nums, target - z, i + 1, high, fourSumList, z1, z);
}
}
function twoSumForFourSum(nums, target, low, high, fourSumList, z1, z2) {
if (low >= high) return;
if (2 * nums[low] > target || 2 * nums[high] < target) return;
let i = low, j = high, sum, x;
while (i < j) {
sum = nums[i] + nums[j];
if (sum == target) {
let infourSumList = [];
infourSumList.push(z1);
infourSumList.push(z2);
infourSumList.push(nums[i]);
infourSumList.push(nums[j]);
fourSumList.push(infourSumList);
x = nums[i];
while (++i < j && x == nums[i])
;
x = nums[j];
while (i < --j && x == nums[j])
;
}
if (sum < target) i++;
if (sum > target) j--;
}
return;
}
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